European language levels
The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) was developed by the Council of Europe in 2001 and has since become an important element in language education. It is used worldwide to determine the language level of language learners. It distinguishes six levels ranging from basic user, to independent user, to proficient user. A new version of the European Framework of Reference was published in 2020. You can download the Companion Volume from the website of the Council of Europe.
Basic user
A1
The language user has a basic ability to communicate and exchange information in a simple way.
A2
The language user has the ability to deal with simple, straightforward information.
independent user
B1
The language user has the ability to express himself in a limited way in familiar situations.
B2
The language user has the capacity to express himself on a range of topics.
Proficient user
C1
The language user has the ability to communicate in an advanced way.
C2
The language user has the capacity to deal with material which is academic or cognitively demanding.
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